the exec seems to be not readable from the broadcom 2835
Yes, and really the compiler should reject these options:
-mtune=arm1176jzf-s -march=armv6
Because it can't do that properly. ARM cross compiler packages for various mainstream linux distros are, as far as I am aware, are all ARMv7+.
Something that gets confusing here is the "hard float" bit. This can distinguish arm1176jzf from earlier ARMv6 implementations; it's the last version of it -- after. After that you have ARMv7, which I believe by definition should beis hard float, and so that is how Debian chooses to identify ARMv7+it. Note that page is linked from the SUNXI wiki page you posted, and includes further qualifications beyond just "hard float":
Currently the Debian armhf port requires at least an ARMv7 CPU with Thumb-2 and VFP3D16.
That's what their cross compiler is made to target. Ubuntu follows the same pattern. It won't work to cross compile for model 1 (single core) pis, with the BCM2835 SoC.
The confusing bit is that this means Debian's armhf
tag is not the same as the armhf
tag as used by Raspbian, which is the arm1176jzf implementation of ARMv6.
What you want is here.