2.5 V and 3.3 V on Raspberry Pi 3 MOSI line

Question

I'm trying to read a SPI sensor via the raspberry pi, but I seem to be getting strange voltage levels on the MOSI line and no response on the MISO line. The chip-select line and clock lines make sense.

The kernel module appears loaded:

$ ls -l /dev/spi* 
crw-rw-rw- 1 root spi 153, 0 Aug  8 09:17 /dev/spidev0.0
crw-rw-rw- 1 root spi 153, 1 Aug  8 09:17 /dev/spidev0.1
$ lsmod | grep spi
spidev                 20480  0
spi_bcm2835            20480  0
$ modinfo spidev
filename:       /lib/modules/4.19.57-v7+/kernel/drivers/spi/spidev.ko
alias:          spi:spidev
license:        GPL
description:    User mode SPI device interface
author:         Andrea Paterniani, <[email protected]>
srcversion:     4EE702C8B42456520F93538
alias:          of:N*T*CspidevC*
alias:          of:N*T*Cspidev
alias:          of:N*T*Csemtech,sx1301C*
alias:          of:N*T*Csemtech,sx1301
alias:          of:N*T*Cge,achcC*
alias:          of:N*T*Cge,achc
alias:          of:N*T*Clineartechnology,ltc2488C*
alias:          of:N*T*Clineartechnology,ltc2488
alias:          of:N*T*Crohm,dh2228fvC*
alias:          of:N*T*Crohm,dh2228fv
depends:        
intree:         Y
name:           spidev
vermagic:       4.19.57-v7+ SMP mod_unload modversions ARMv7 p2v8 
parm:           bufsiz:data bytes in biggest supported SPI message (uint)

I don't get any errors on initializing the module:

import spidev

class RpiSpi():

    BUS_SPEED_HZ = 100000
    MODE = 0

    def __init__(self, bus, device):
        # Enable SPI
        self._spi = spidev.SpiDev()

        # Open a connection to a specific device (chip-select pin)
        # and bus.  There are two buses available.
        self._spi.open(bus, device)

        # Set SPI speed and mode
        self._spi.max_speed_hz = RpiSpi.BUS_SPEED_HZ
        self._spi.mode = RpiSpi.MODE

    def write_reg(self, reg, value):
        self._spi.xfer2([reg, value])

    def read_reg(self, reg):
        response = self._spi.xfer2([reg, 0x00])
        return response[1]

sensor = RpiSpi()
sensor.write_reg(0x70, 0b01000000)
while True:
   time.sleep(1)
   print(sensor.read_reg(0x75))

I've tried all permutations of mode and bus/device combos.

The MOSI line on an oscilloscope looks weird (2.5 V in some places when I would expect 3.3 V):

Hardware: Raspberry Pi 3 Model B V1.2

spidev module documentation: http://tightdev.net/SpiDev_Doc.pdf

Pinout:

Answer 1

This problem was sensor-dependent, thanks. It turned out I needed to control the power sequencing so that I could put it into SPI mode instead of I2C mode very soon after powering on the sensor.