BME280 sensor on I2C 0 stopped working after adding another one on I2C 1

Question

I have two similar BMP280 sensors. First, I connected one of them to GPIO 16, 17 (SDA, SCL) as well as 3V3 and GND. I ran the following script in MicroPython to read temperature and other measurements:

from machine import Pin, I2C
import bme280
# initialise i2c
i2c0 = I2C(0, sda = Pin(16), scl = Pin(17), freq = 400000)
# scan for i2c devices
print(i2c0.scan(), " (decimal)")
print(hex(i2c0.scan()[0]), " (hex)")

from time import sleep, localtime

while True:
    bme0 = bme280.BME280(i2c = i2c0, mode = 2)
    print(localtime())
    print(bme0.values)
    sleep(10)

Subsequently, I added the second sensor to GPIO 18, 19 (SDA, SCL) as well as 3V3 and GND. I extended the MicroPython script to the following:

from machine import Pin, I2C
import bme280
# initialise i2c
i2c0 = I2C(0, sda = Pin(16), scl = Pin(17), freq = 400000)
i2c1 = I2C(1, sda = Pin(18), scl = Pin(19), freq = 400000)
# scan for i2c devices
print(i2c0.scan(), " (decimal)")
print(hex(i2c0.scan()[0]), " (hex)")
print(i2c1.scan(), " (decimal)")
print(hex(i2c1.scan()[0]), " (hex)")

from time import sleep, localtime

while True:
    bme0 = bme280.BME280(i2c = i2c0, mode = 2)
    bme1 = bme280.BME280(i2c = i2c1, mode = 2)
    print(localtime())
    print(bme0.values)
    print(bme1.values)
    sleep(10)

However, reading the first sensor now gives the following Error:

>>> bme0 = bme280.BME280(i2c = i2c0, mode = 2)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/lib/bme280.py", line 75, in __init__
OSError: [Errno 5] EIO

The problem remains when I remove the second sensor and run only the original script.

I2C scan still can find the sensor address on I2C 0:

>>> print(hex(i2c0.scan()[0]), " (hex)")
0x76  (hex)

I also swapped the sensors to see whether one of them was damaged, but the issue remained unchanged. Only the sensor on I2C 1 returns values.

What could have gone wrong here?