After configuring a new Raspberry Pi Zero W, I have not been able to ssh into it over WiFi. The IP address is assigned and pingable, but I get 'connection refused' errors. After some research, I discovered one possible solution is to replace the SSH host keys on the pi. But it's a Catch-22, because I can't login to the pi to change the keys that I need to change to be able to log into the pi. What can I do? ---- *Why do I need to replace host keys?* *Short answer: I don't know. I don't even know if that's the only or best solution or just one workaround. Host Keys are configured when ssh is configured. Did that configuration not run, or did it fail for some reason? One thing I did on both Pi's was added a __dtoverlay=dwc2__ line in __config.txt__ to enable ethernet over USB. Could that have thwarted the boot/initialization sequence? Will run some experiments and post info if I learn anything new.* ---- ___Configuration details___: The way I configured my Pi's are as follows: Using __Etcher.app__ on __macOS__, I flashed an SSD card with the ___full___ desktop version of Raspian, `2018-11-13-raspbian-stretch-full.img`, downloaded from the Raspian site, and installed it on a __Pi Zero W__ and a __Pi 3B+__, both headless, and used the *headless* approach to configuring WiFi and ssh (i.e. touched `ssh` in /boot and created `wpa_supplicant.conf` in /boot). I didn't have this problem when I similarly installed Raspian ___lite___ (on my Pi 3B, about a month ago, `2018-10-09-raspbian-stretch-lite.img` ------ _Follow-up to @Milliway's comment below_: This is the Reddit thread containing post that gave me the idea that regenerating host keys might fix the problem: https://www.reddit.com/r/raspberry_pi/comments/704v5y/ssh_connection_refused_off_a_headless_setup/