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For a Raspberry Pi you could use a Dual camera adapter and mount the Camera Module V2 along with the NoIR version of it, or you could connect it to two HQ Cammera modules with one of them having the IR filter removed. Use the HQ only if you need the quality (you'd also need to buy your own lenses).
You can use any standard camea module like this for the ...
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I'm pretty sure that would not be possible with raspistill. You can read the docs here. I read it and didn't find anything that would be able to do what you specified. Something that might work is changing the w and h variables for the --preview parameter of the raspistill command to values that are larger than the resolution you are using. Though there's a ...
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You have two options here: the Camera Module V2 or the HQ Module. The HQ Module is much newer and can shoot at the highest resolution, but you will also need to buy your own lens for it.
Any Pi would do fine for your use case. If you would want to stream at higher resolutions or run some kind of inference on the Pi, you should go for the Pi 4.
No module/...
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Rather that starting and stopping the Python script for every picture, you really want a long running Python program, probably set up as a Linux service that autostarts at boot time, that monitors the gpio pins your buttons are attached to with interrupts that trigger functions in your program to do exactly what you want.
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It would be possible to write a bash script but inefficient and poor practice.
Especially as you are using python just install gpiozero and use one (or several ) of the Button callbacks in your python script.
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