The reason tutorials mention berryboot or NOOBS are because AFAIK they are the only boot managers for the Pi. I wouldn't use either, because they create too many problems with updating.
You CAN install other OS into different partitions, and manually change the boot partition to load the appropriate OS. It wouldn't be hard to write a script to do this. The /boot
partition should be the same for all OS, just change root=/dev/mmcblk0p2
to point to other ext4
partitions with the OS; each OS would need to have /etc/fstab
customised to match the partition the OS is in. NOTE all OS should be using the same kernel.
Frankly it is easier to just use separate SD Cards.