I have exactly the same problem. Two different NRF24L01 modules. Raspbian stretch worked in the beginning, since the last update no more.
I use https://github.com/Gadgetoid//py-spidev/archive/master.zip together with https://github.com/BLavery/lib_nrf24
This seems to be on the SPI level. This thread: https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=191540 indicates that the speed of the SPI bus might be set wrong.
The problem is that I use Python to access the bus and it is not evident how, when and where I should set the speed of the SPI bus.
Did you make any further progress?
EDIT:
I found it: In lib_nrf24.py in function:
"def begin(self, csn_pin ..."
adddef begin(self, csn_pin ...
after
"self.spidev.open"self.spidev.open
add:
self.spidev.max_speed_hz = 4000000
self.spidev.max_speed_hz = 4000000
(in my case 5 MHz did not work)