I used fstab to mount a specific device automatically at boot in a specific location. That is very simple but not what I need now.
Is there a way to setup the automount of any mountable USB device I plug in more or less like Ubuntu does in Raspbian? Like in /media/ or /media/ or something else?
I tried usbmount and it works, but doesn't seem to be perfect and also seems to be discontinued. Any other option?
pmount is a richer alternative to usbmount. It has knowledge about some desktop environments and is able to show an icon and so forth.
Also have a look on the package hal. It is a feature rich hardware manipulation suite, that can do automounting among other things.
I recently had almost the same problem, so I wrote a little script myself and the according udev rules. Your can find a longer explanation on my website solvedforhome.com
With this script any usb stick/drive or hdd/sdd will automatically be mounted under /media/<USB_DEVICE_LABEL>/ and unmounted when the device is plugged off (logging included).
The short version here:
First you create the udev rules with
sudo nano /etc/udev/rules.d/00-mount_manager
and write this into the file:
ACTION=="add",SUBSYSTEM=="block",KERNEL=="sd*[!0-9]",RUN+="/root/mount_manager/mount_manager add"
ACTION=="remove",SUBSYSTEM=="block",KERNEL=="sd*[!0-9]",RUN+="/root/mount_manager/mount_manager remove"
Then create the script with
sudo mkdir /root/mount_manager
sudo nano /root/mount_manager/mount_manager
and copy this into the file:
#!/bin/bash
APP_DIR=/root/mount_manager
LOG_DIR=$APP_DIR
LOG_FILE="${LOG_DIR}/mount_manager.log"
MOUNT_DIR=/media/
log_private=true
log_syslog=true
user=root
group=root
arr_media_mounted=()
arr_media_unmounted=()
arr_plugged_in_path=()
arr_plugged_in_label=()
arr_plugged_in_type=()
# function for mounting different file systems
function mounter {
# $1 device path /dev/sd*
# $2 name or label of device
# $3 format or type
if [ "vfat" == "$3" ]; then
mount -t vfat -o utf8,uid=${user},gid=${group} $2 $MOUNT_DIR$1 >> $LOG_FILE 2>&1
fi
if [ "ntfs" == "$3" ]; then
mount -t ntfs -o rw $2 $MOUNT_DIR$1 >> $LOG_FILE 2>&1 #not tested
fi
if [ "hfsplus" == "$3" ]; then
mount -t hfsplus -o utf8,uid=${user},gid=${group} $2 $MOUNT_DIR$1 >> $LOG_FILE 2>&1 #not tested
fi
if [ "exfat" == "$3" ]; then
mount -t exfat -o utf8,uid=${user},gid=${group} $2 $MOUNT_DIR$1 >> $LOG_FILE 2>&1 #not tested
fi
if [ "ext4" == "$3" ]; then
mount -t ext4 -o defaults $2 $MOUNT_DIR$1 >> $LOG_FILE 2>&1
fi
}
# functions for loggin output
function log {
if [ "$log_private" = true ] ; then
echo "$(date +"%Y.%m.%d %H:%M:%S") $1" >> $LOG_FILE
fi
}
function log_info {
log "INFO: $1"
if [ "$log_syslog" = true ] ; then
logger $1 -p info -t ${0#./}
fi
}
function log_warn {
log "WARNING: $1"
if [ "$log_syslog" = true ] ; then
logger $1 -p warning -t ${0#./}
fi
}
function log_err {
log "ERROR: $1"
if [ "$log_syslog" = true ] ; then
logger $1 -p error -t ${0#./}
fi
}
# backup log
if [ "$(wc -l < $LOG_FILE)" -gt 200 ]; then
mv $LOG_FILE ${LOG_FILE}.1
fi
######################################################
#
# start main routine
log_info "========== mount_manager called by udev $1 =========="
# get directories in mounting directory $MOUNT_DIR
for dir in $(ls -d "${MOUNT_DIR}"*); do
if mount | grep $dir > /dev/null; then
arr_media_mounted+=(${dir#$MOUNT_DIR})
else
arr_media_unmounted+=(${dir#$MOUNT_DIR})
fi
done
# get plugged in devices
regex='(/dev/sd[a-z]1): LABEL=\"([A-Za-z0-9_\-]+)\".*TYPE=\"([a-zA-Z0-9]+)\"'
while IFS= read -r line; do
if [[ $line =~ $regex ]];then
name="${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
label="${BASH_REMATCH[2]}"
type="${BASH_REMATCH[3]}"
arr_plugged_in_path+=($name)
arr_plugged_in_label+=($label)
arr_plugged_in_type+=($type)
fi
done < <(blkid)
# check directories in /media yet not plugged in devices
for mounted_item in ${arr_media_mounted[*]}
do
if ! [[ " ${arr_plugged_in_label[*]} " == *" ${mounted_item} "* ]]; then
log_info "Mounted yet unplugged directory '${mounted_item}' found."
umount $MOUNT_DIR$mounted_item >> $LOG_FILE 2>&1
if ! [ "$(ls -A $MOUNT_DIR$mounted_item)" ]; then
log_info " - Directory now unmounted and empty and will be deleted."
rm -rf $MOUNT_DIR$mounted_item >> $LOG_FILE 2>&1
else
log_err " - Directory not empty. This should not happen after unmount. Please check '${$MOUNT_DIR$mounted_item}'"
fi
fi
done
for unmounted_item in ${arr_media_unmounted[*]}
do
if ! [[ " ${arr_plugged_in_label[*]} " == *" ${unmounted_item} "* ]]; then
log_info "Unmounted and unplugged directory '${unmounted_item}' found."
if ! [ "$(ls -A $MOUNT_DIR$unmounted_item)" ]; then
log_info " - Directory is empty and will be deleted."
rm -rf $MOUNT_DIR$unmounted_item >> $LOG_FILE 2>&1
else
log_warn " - Directory not empty. No further action."
fi
fi
done
# check plugged in devices
i=0
for plugged_in_item in ${arr_plugged_in_label[*]}
do
log_info "Plugged in device '${plugged_in_item}' will be checked."
if [[ " ${arr_media_mounted[*]} " == *" ${plugged_in_item} "* ]]; then
log_info " - Mounted device '${plugged_in_item}' found. Great."
else
if [[ " ${arr_media_unmounted[*]} " == *" ${plugged_in_item} "* ]]; then
log_info " - Unmounted yet plugged in device '${plugged_in_item}' found. It will be mounted."
else
log_info " - Newly plugged in device '${plugged_in_item}' found. Directory will be created and device will be mounted."
mkdir $MOUNT_DIR$plugged_in_item >> $LOG_FILE 2>&1
fi
mounter $plugged_in_item ${arr_plugged_in_path[i]} ${arr_plugged_in_type[i]}
fi
((i++))
done
Now make the script executable
sudo chmod o+x /root/mount_manager/mount_manager
and reload udev rules with
sudo udevadm control --reload-rules
Done! Enjoy it and maybe leave a comment on solvedforhome.com.
I have implemented the solution from SolvedAtHome on a Raspberry Pi running Buster Lite. After debugging my code I have everything working without any errors, at least that's what appears to be the case when viewing the syslog.
The directory is created, but the mount is not. No errors in the log, but there is systemd-udev activity after the mount_manager script exits. I found multiple references that suggest that systemd daemon unmounts the drive after the mount_manager exits.
I have created a script with just the mkdir and the mount, and it works fine. Only when run via mount_manager.sh during the udev add process does the mount silent fail.
Does anyone have any ideas on what could be happening and maybe suggest a work around?
