I have two of the same RPi boards (3 Model B, a02082)
Used the for some time, installed different software on them. But just ran apt-get update and apt-get upgrade today on both boards.
On the board where i2c is working it shows lsmod | grep i2c
i2c_bcm2708 4834 0
i2c_dev 5859 0
and from dmesg | grep i2c
[ 3.188212] i2c /dev entries driver
[ 4.698330] bcm2708_i2c 3f804000.i2c: BSC1 Controller at 0x3f804000 (irq 83) (baudrate 100000)
On the board where i2c is not working it shows lsmod | grep i2c
i2c_bcm2835 7167 0
i2c_bcm2708 5994 0
i2c_dev 6913 0
and from dmesg | grep i2c
[ 2.983772] i2c /dev entries driver
/etc/modules are the same on both boards.
Correct addresses are detected on both boards with i2cdetect -y 1
I have tried to unload and load the drivers, to get the bad board to work. But no luck. I need some ideas to move forward.