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I bought another cable and it was still not good enough. The I realized that my Kindle cable is a USB cable with a micro-USB connector at one end. I tried it and it worked. I now have over 4.7 Volts between TP1 and TP2 with this cable.
@ChrisStratton I don't know what a VBUS line is. I simply taped a needle onto my multimeter red lead. I then measured the current between the micro-USB connector ground and the +5 V pin. With the needle attached to the lead, I was able to reach the pin.