Last June the answer was a qualified no: Can I use the GPU for calculations?
However, the Videocore driver code was open sourced towards the end of 2012: http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/2221 - does that mean we're now likely to see it happen?
If so, given existing libraries (http://mathema.tician.de/software/pyopencl, http://www.jocl.org/) might already work, but with a CPU implementation, it would seem reasonable to start using them in the hope they'll soon be able to use the GPU.