Answer
Introduction
I am a PCM1802 24-bit ADC newbie, never used it before. It is a complicated device and its operation needs a long explanation. For now, I am only trying to give quick and dirty short answers to the OP's couple of questions. I hope to give longer answers later.
All newbies wishing to fully understand the answers given here, are expected to spend hours, yes, hours, not minutes, to google, wiki, to read and digest the references and particularly the appendices below:
Short Answers
(1) How come MCP3008 has only one clock, but PCM1802 has three clocks?
Well, [In slave mode] BCK, LRCK, and FSYNC are input pins, as summarized below (See Datasheet Section 7.4.4 Slave Mode for more details):
(a) FSYNC enables the BCK signal, and the device can shift out the
converted data while FSYNC is HIGH.
(b) The delay of FSYNC from the LRCK transition must be within 16 BCKs
for the 64-fS BCK format and within 12 BCKs for the 48-fS BCK format.
(2) How can Rpi config and control the PCM1802?
Ah, you can use Rpi GPIO pins to do configuration and control, as summarized below:
(a) BCK, LRCK, and FSYNC clock signals control output timing (Section 7.4.2.2, also Appendix E below.)
(b) PDWN, controls the entire ADC operation (there is no powerup signal. In other words it is a power up/power down or enable/disable signal
(c) BYPAS, bypasses DC component rejection
(d) OSR, sets over sampling rate ratio of the delta-sigma modulator, ×64 or ×128
(e) FMT1 and FMT0, select one of four audio data formats in both master and slave modes.
PS - I forgot to point out two things:
(1) MCP3008 uses SPI interface, and the clock you see is the SPI Clock. PCM1802, on the other hand, does NOT use any serial interface, therefore has no SPI clock, but instead uses three control clocks summarized below.
(2) If Rpi working as a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) uses GPIO signals as clocks to control the output timing (time multiplexing the left and right audio output in a serial signal) of PCM1802 which works as a slave. Rpi GPIO signals are also used to configure the PCM1802 operation mode and data formats. But you can also by hand, short the little soldering pads on the module to do permanent configuration.
(3) How to do the hardware and software wiring and setup?
Power Supplies
So I will use two power supplies, 3V3 for digital logic, 5V0 for analog.
System clock
I just discovered that the module does not have a system clock. So I need to search my junk box for a crystal clock. And before that I need to calculate the frequency which is 256x, 384x, or 768x of sampling frequency. But I don't know what should be the sampling frequency to start testing, perhaps the smaller frequency the better. Anyway, I read the datasheet and found the following:
7.3.3 System Clock
The PCM1802 supports 256 fS, 384 fS, 512 fS, and 768 fS as the system clock, where fS is the audio sampling frequency. The system clock must be supplied on SCKI.
The PCM1802 has a system clock detection circuit which automatically senses if the system clock is operating at 256 fS, 384 fS, 512 fS, or 768 fS in slave mode.
In master mode, the system clock frequency must be selected by MODE0 and MODE1, and 768 fS is not available. For system clock inputs of 384 fS, 512 fS, and 768 fS, the
system clock is divided to 256 fS automatically, and the 256 fS clock operates the delta-sigma modulator and the digital filter.
I searched my jun box and found two clock modules 10.24MHz and 32.768MHz which should be good, according to the following table:
That is the system clock detection circuit when PCM1802 is in slave mode should find the clocks are for fs ~= 44.1kHz sampling frequency for 256*fs and 768*fs. I guess PCM1802 should be forgiving enough to tolerate 1~2 MHz deviation in the 10MHz to 33MHz range. I found AliExpress selling crystal oscillator modules at exactly 33.8688MHz (Ref 11). But I think my not so exact frequency module should work OK.
Microphone Amplifier Setup
I have also order the MAX9814 mic amplifier (Ref 12). This model has a 40/50/60dB amplification gain hardware selection pin, so should be good for PCM1802 to handle.
Testing Plan
I think it should be easy to use Rpi to control output, with the three clock signals, plus the PWDN signal to start and stop ADC operation. Configuration can be set using the on board pins connected to Vcc or ground for master/slave mode, OSR oversampling rate, BYPAS by pass, data format etc. If everything goes smoothly, we can use a scope to display the serial signal time multiplexing left and right 24 bits digital data.
But I think it would be a bit difficult to use Rpi to "split" the serial signal into left and right, and then perhaps use ADC to convert back the left and right digital signal into analog and input to an power amp and speaker to verify that ADC and DAC performance is good. A more ambitious project is to transmit this serial digital signal using a serial interface, UART or Bluetooth, 433MHz or 2.4GHz, before doing the ADC.
I am too lazy to use Rpi to do this further testing. So I think perhaps I just use a stereo ADC module to do the second part of testing. The block diagram of the module is shown below. The ADC module is available from AliExpress (Ref 14)
Improvement of Audio ADC Conversion and Streaming using MCP3008
In the last year I read a couple post on audio ADC conversion and streaming using MCP3008, which I think is not a good choice because of low resolution and low sampling rate, not to mention of difficulty of handling stereo signals. I think it is much better to use cheap PCM1802 ADC adn CD4344 DAC modules.
Python Configuration Dictionaries
Now I am reading the PCM1802 datasheet the second time, to make another configuration summary for python GPIO initialization. In short I will be using 6 GPIO pins, 3 clock pins, 1 power up/down, and 2 master/slave mode pins, as summarized below.
PWRDWN = GPIO (LOW = stop conversion, HIGH = start conversion)
BYPASS = Hard wired (LOW = High pass filter no DC component)
ORD = Hard wired (LOW = over sampling rate x64)
Data format = Hard wired (LOW, LOW, 00 = 24 bit left justified.
Master/Slave Mode = GPIO (LOW, LOW, 00 = slave mode, HIGH. HIGH, 11 = master mode 256 fs
Question: Can we save one GPIO pin by connecting together Mode1, Mode0
pins and use one GPIO pin to set both pins?
Rpi GPIO pins assignment V0.1
There are two questions:
Do we need to use any GPIO output pin as clock pin BCK? Or just use an external clock to free run, or enable/disable by GPIO. If yes, is
Rpi pin fast enough?
D0 we need to use any GPIO input pin to read DOUT signal? If yes, is Rpi pin fast enough?
System clock and sampling rate calculations
Now I need to do calculation of the system clock, sampling rates, and most importantly BCK, bit clock which I am a bit confused if it is automatically generated by PCM1802, and NOT provided by a Rpi GPIO clock pin (GPIO04, GPCLK0).
I first checked out if the 10.24MHz crystal oscillator I found in the junk box is still working. It does, but over/undershoots by 2V, and also ringing. I guess it still works. But I need to check out if PCM1802 need a 3V3 clock or not.
I read the datasheet and was happy to find that the absolute maximum of system clock SCKI is 6.5V, so I don't need to do any level shifting or use Vcc = 3V3.
Now let calculate the BCK, Bit Clock. If I use crystal clock 10.24MHz, then hopefully PCM1802 in slave mode would detect that 256 * fs is used. So sampling rate should be a bit smaller than 44.1kHz. Now 11.2896MHz / 256 gives 44.1kHz check: sample rate 11.2896M / 256 = (11.2896 x 1000) / 256 k = 44.1kHz). So far so good.
Now
(1) 44.1kHz sample rate means one sample period = 1 / 44.1k = 1 / 44.1
= (1000 /44.1) nS = 22.68 nS
(2) Then if 44.1kHz sample period is 24 bit x 2 48 bits, then Bit clock BCK should be 44.1 * 48 == 2.2 MHz (Not verified; my calculation is always dodgy).
(3) Above calculation is for master mode only. I am too lazy to do the calculation for slave mode, when Rpi GPIO should output LRCLK (Left/Right channel clock?) = 44.1kHz * 2 = 88.2kHz, or == 22.68 nS.
Perhaps the OP should do the dirty and messy calculation work for me!
PCM1802 System clock SKI and Bit Clock BCK Calculation for 10.24Mhz Crystal Oscillator.
I worried that the crystal oscillation output might be a bit too dirty for PCM1802. So I searched my junk box for another module to verify and cross calibrate. I was happy to find that both modules look identical. So I can now sleep well and move on to perhaps drawing a schematic and start PCM1802 Rpi4B buster (release 2019sep26) Thonny Python 3.7.3 programming.
Drawing the schematic for Rpi GPIO interfacing CJMCU PCM1802
References
(1) PCM1802 Single-Ended Analog-Input 24-Bit, 96-kHz Stereo A/D Converter - TI 2016
(1.1) PCM1808 Single-Ended, Analog-Input 24-Bit, 96-kHz Stereo ADC - TI
(2) CJMCU ADC Catalog
(3) CJMCU-1808 PCM1808 single input 99dB SNR stereo ADC Analog input module decoder 24bit amplifier card
(4) AliEXpress Max4466 Catalog
(5) AliExpress Max4466 / Max9814 Amplifiers
(6) Max4466 Microphone Preamplifier Datasheet - Maxim
(7) MAX9814 Low Noise Microphone Amplifier with AGC - Maxim
(8) TaoBao/Tmall CJMCU-1802 PCM1802 24-bit 105dB SNR Stereo ADC - ¥44
(9) AliExpress Crystal Oscillator Catalog
(10) Crystal Oscillator TCXO 10.24 MHZ - US$8.5
(11) AliExpress 35.328MHZ 33.8688Mhz 32.768MHZ gold crystal oscillator Ultra precision TCXO 0.1ppm good for audio
(12) CJMCU MAX9814 Microphone AGC Amplifier (can adjust gain 40/50/46dB) CMA-4544PF-W - ¥12
(13) MAX9814 Datasheet (Can set gain to 40/50/60dB) - Maxim
(14) MCU-CS4344 DAC Module Stereo Audio Converter US$1.2
(15) 10-Pin, 24-Bit, 192 kHz Stereo D/A Converter
Appendices
Appendix A - PCM1802 Block Diagram
Appendix B - PCM1802 Pinout
Appendix C - PCM1802 Module Features
Appendix D - PCM1802 Application Example
Appendix E - PCM1802 Datasheet Reading Summary
7.3.1 Hardware Control
The FMT0, FMT1, OSR, BYPASS, MD0, and MD1 pins allow the device to be controlled by tying these pins to GPIO and GND or VDD from a host IC. These controls allow full configuration of the PCM1802.
7.3.3 System Clock
The PCM1802 supports 256 fS, 384 fS, 512 fS, and 768 fS as the system clock, where fS is the audio sampling frequency. The system clock must be supplied on SCKI.
7.4.1 Power Down, HPF Bypass, Oversampling Control
PDWN controls the entire ADC operation. During power-down mode, both the supply current for the analog portion and the clock signal for the digital portion are shut down, and power dissipation is minimized. DOUT is also disabled and no system clock is accepted during power-down mode.
BYPAS - the built-in function for DC component rejection can be bypassed using the BYPAS control. In bypass mode, the DC components of the analog input signal, such as the internal DC offset, are converted and included in the
digital output data.
OSR controls the oversampling ratio of the delta-sigma modulator, ×64 or ×128.
7.4.2 Serial Audio Data Interface
The PCM1802 interfaces with the audio system through BCK, LRCK, FSYNC, and DOUT.
7.4.2.1 Data Format
The PCM1802 supports four audio data formats in both master and slave modes, and they are selected by FMT1 and FMT0.
7.4.2.3 Synchronization With Digital Audio System
In slave mode, the PCM1802 operates under LRCK, synchronized with system clock SCKI. The PCM1802 does not require a specific phase relationship between LRCK and SCKI, but does require the synchronization of LRCK and SCKI.
7.4.3 Master Mode
In master mode, BCK, LRCK, and FSYNC work as output pins, and these
pins are controlled by timing which is generated in the clock circuit
of the PCM1802. FSYNC is used to designate the valid data from the
PCM1802.
The rising edge of FSYNC indicates the starting point of the converted
audio data and the falling edge of this signal indicates the ending
point of the data. The frequency of this signal is fixed at 2 × LRCK.
The duty cycle ratio depends on data bit length. The frequency of BCK
is fixed at 64 × LRCK.
7.4.4 Slave Mode
In slave mode, BCK, LRCK, and FSYNC work as input pins. FSYNC enables
the BCK signal, and the device can shift out the converted data while
FSYNC is HIGH. The PCM1802 accepts the 64-fS BCK or the 48-fS BCK
format. The delay of FSYNC from the LRCK transition must be within 16
BCKs for the 64-fS BCK format and within 12 BCKs for the 48-fS BCK
format.
7.4.5 Interface Mode
The PCM1802 supports master mode and slave mode as interface modes, and they are selected by MODE1 and MODE0 as shown in Table 9.
8.2.2.1 Control Pins
The FMT, MODE, OSR, and BYPASS control pins are controlled by tying up
to VDD, down to GND, or driven with GPIO from the DSP or audio
processor.
8.2.2.2 DSP or Audio Processor
In this application (Appendix D above) a DSP or audio processor acts
as the audio master, and the PCM1802 acts as the audio slave. This
means the DSP or audio processor must be able to output audio clocks
that the PCM1802 can use to process audio signals.
Appendix F - Interface Timing
Appendix F - PCM1808 Block Diagram
Clarification - PCM1802 vs PCM1808
I mixed up PCM1802 with the less powerful PCM1808 (without the FSYNC signal pin) in the discussion and references. My apologies.
End of Answer
