To expand a little on the comments: there's a couple of ways of looking at this. If your question is "from which languages can I use the Pi's camera module?" then @goldilocks is absolutely correct - the answer is effectively "all of them". The main supported API for the camera module is MMAL, which is designed for use from C. However, almost every language out there can talk to C APIs (because if they couldn't, they wouldn't be much use on OS' which provided their services via C-style APIs, such as Linux). By way of example, the picamera API is written entirely in Python, using Python's own mechanisms to access the existing MMAL API. Hence, you could use the camera from Python without the aid of picamera ... it'd just be a lot more work.
Which brings us to what I think you really want to ask: "from which languages can I easily use the Pi's camera module?" or to put it another way: "in which languages have high level bindings been written for the Pi's camera module". To the best of my knowledge, these are currently:
P.S. the UNIX shell absolutely is a programming language; it's got variables, branching, loops, even functions. It's a programming language, no two ways about it.
P.P.S. I didn't include C above because obviously there's an API for that already, but I'm not sure I'd class it "high level".
dash
(sh
) orbash
. Anyway, it is a turing complete programming language, but I think saying it "supports the Pi camera" is not really true: You can call applications such asraspistill
from a shell script but then you could do pretty much the same thing in almost any language with varying degrees of awkwardness.raspistill
installed by default you can generalise and say that it (effectively) supports the camera. I'm only saying the linux shell because of the many variations/alternatives that there are, so whoever is reading this can insert their prefered one.